This chapter introduces conceptual (theoretical and methodological) considerations, while additionally presenting the state of the art—largely centred on filling the research gap. The chapter also contextualises the Russian incursion into Ukraine in early 2022, creating political divisions in the Slavic world, problematising the issue of Slavic unity, and solidifying the East vs. West discourses. The chapter begins by tackling the issue of the relationship between pan-nationalism and macro-nationalism, setting the ground for a discussion on Pan-Slavism and the related Slavophilia, both of which are then examined with respect to the theoretical and methodological framework addressing ideological families, motives, and metaphors. The state of the art is presented towards the end of the chapter, highlighting the significance of the research in this volume. The volume aims to make the field at hand more balanced, providing insights into contemporary considerations, expressions, and manifestations of Pan-Slavism in the selected Slavic countries.